Round brackets (parentheses).
Abbreviating a term within the text:
The abbreviation must be written out in full the first time.
Example:
First time: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a term used to encompass several conditions...
Second time: One of the symptoms of COPD is breathlessness.
NOTE: Abbreviations should generally only be used for recognised terms and must be able to be understood by the reader.
(APA manual, 2020, p. 189)
Abbreviating the author in a citation within the text:
When abbreviating a group author within the text, the abbreviation is placed with the year in round brackets.
Example:
"Ministry of Health, 2019 states that ..." becomes "Ministry of Health (MoH, 2019) states that..."
(APA manual, 2020, p. 268)
Square brackets
Abbreviating a term within the in-text citation:
Square brackets are used to abbreviate groups or corporate authors or to add information within citations.
First use includes both the full name and the abbreviation.
Example: Health in New Zealand is delivered by a complex set of groups (Ministry of Health [MOH], 2019).
Second and subsequent citations use the abbreviation only.
Example: These groups include 20 local boards (MOH, 2016).
Note: In the reference list, the group or corporate author are written out in full.
(APA manual, 2020, p. 160).
Basic image with an author
General rules:
Author:
Copyright:
(APA manual, 2020, pp. 341-342).
In-text Citation
All images and tables (including graphs) should have the following label above the image.
Figure 1 and a short title of the image
Place any further explanation including how the image was processed, details about the view etc… underneath the image preceded with the word Note.
Example:
Figure 1
CT scan of the elbow
Note: Place your detailed description here.
Then in your reference list:
Figure 1: Adapted from: "CT scan of the elbow," by RemakeHealth, n.d.,
(https://www.flickr.com/photos/40827567@N05/3835654989)
Citations or copyright attribution are not required for clip art from programmes like Microsoft Word or PowerPoint.
Example:
(GDJ, 2010).
GDJ. (2010). Neural network deep learning prismatic [Clip art]. Openclipart.
https.//openclipart.org/detail/309343/neural-network-deep-learning-prismatic
(APA manual, 2020, p. 346).
Include the name of the website after the title information.
Example:
(Rossman & Palmer, 2015).
Rossman, J., & Palmer, R. (2015). Sorting through our space junk [Infographic]. World Science Festival.
https://worldsciencefestival.com/2015/11/space-junk-infographic/
(APA manual, 2020, pp. 346-347).
Use this format for all art works such as paintings, sculptures, photographs, prints, drawings, installations.
Include a description of the medium or format in square brackets after the title.
Include the name of the gallery after the title information.
Example:
(Hodgkins, 1929-1930).
Hodgkins, F. (1929-1930). The farmer's daughter: Portrait of Annie Coggan [Oil on canvas laid on board]. Dunedin
Public Art Gallery. http://collection.dunedin.art.museum/search.do?
view=label&keyword=Frances%20Hodgkins%20Portrait%20of%20Annie%20coggan&db=object
(APA manual, 2020, p. 346).
In the caption include the details you consider to be relevant about the art work e.g. Artist, title, year created.
After the title information, give the name of the site or book from which the photograph was retrieved.
Example:
(Melford, 2019).
Melford, M. (2019). Night lights [Photograph]. National Geographic.
(APA manual, 2020, p. 346).
Include a description in square brackets in place of the title.
Example:
(Goew, n.d.).
Goew, T. (n.d.). [Girl watching behind boy holding smartphone]. Unsplash.
(APA manual, 2020, p. 347)
Provide the name of the site and its URL (use the login page URL for Moodle).
Example:
(Cleland, 2019).
Cleland, S. (2019). I102 technical support fundamentals [PowerPoint slides]. Moodle.
https://moodle.ucol.ac.nz/mod/resource/view.php?id=379338
(APA manual, 2020, p. 347).