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APA 7 Referencing

General rules: Figures

Basic image with an author

General rules:

  • Describe the work in square brackets after the title, e.g. [Painting].
  • Check with your lecturer to make sure you meet the programme requirements for referencing figures.

Author:

  • The author is determined by the media type.
    • artwork - artist
    • photograph - photographer

Copyright:

  • You do not need to get copyright permission if you are using the figure for educational purposes (i.e. in an assignment).
  • The New Zealand Copyright Act (1994) allows the free use of figures for educational purposes but they must be referenced.
  • If you plan to sell or exhibit your work you will need to get copyright permission for figures used.
  • The Copyright Council of New Zealand provides useful information at http://www.copyright.org.nz/infosheets.php

(APA manual, 2020, pp. 341-342).

Medical Imaging Images

In-text Citation

  • All images and tables (including graphs) should have the following label above the image.

                                  Figure 1 and a short title of the image

  • Place any further explanation including how the image was processed, details about the view etc… underneath the image preceded with the word Note.
  • Notice that all notes are lined up with the image.  They do not spread across the page.
  • A list of all figures and tables should be placed in a separate list before your reference list.

 

Then in your Figures and Tables list:         

                   

                   Serial Example:

                   Figure 1

                   CT scan of the elbow

                      

                  Note. The patient with hemimelia with (A) hypoplastic

                            trochlear and proximal una. 

                Then in your Figures and Table list:                    

                  Figure 1: Adapted from "Four-dimensional computed tomography scan for dynamic elbow disorders: Recommendations 

                                  for clinical utility," by R. B. Seath, W. Mak, K. Bryant, M. Karlaet, A. Dwyer, and G. Bain, 2022, JES International 6(1),                                             p. 184  (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8811401/)

                     

                  Book example:

                                    Figure 2                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Digital chest image                                                                                                                                                                                                 

                                   Note. TG18CH anatomic image for                                                                                                                                                                                display evaluation

                                         

                Then in your Figures and Table list:

                    Figure 2:  Adapted from “Digital radiographic quality control,” by S. Carlyle Bushong, 2013, Radiologic science for technologists:                                             Physics, biology, and protection (10th ed.), p. 370 (Elsevier)

 

                     Webpage example:

                    Figure 3                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Ankle lateral view

                    

                      Note. The talar domes should                                                                                                                                                                                       be superimposed, the joint space                                                                                                                                                                                 between the tibia and the talus                                                                                                                                                                                     should be uniform and the distal                                                                                                                                                                                   fibula should be superimposed by                                                                                                                                                                                 the posterior part of the distal tibia.

   Then in your Figures and Table list:

   Figure 3:  Adapted from “Ankle x-rays,” by T. Davis, 2016, Don’t Forget the Bubbles, para. 2 

                    (https://dontforgetthebubbles.com/ankle-x-ray-interpretation/)

 

Clip art or stock image

Citations or copyright attribution are not required for clip art from programmes like Microsoft Word or PowerPoint.

Example:

(GDJ, 2010). 

GDJ. (2010). Neural network deep learning prismatic [Clip art]. Openclipart. 

                   https.//openclipart.org/detail/309343/neural-network-deep-learning-prismatic

(APA manual, 2020, p. 346).

Infographics: graphs etc. showing large amounts of data or information

Include the name of the website after the title information.

Example:

​(Rossman & Palmer, 2015).

Rossman, J., & Palmer, R. (2015). Sorting through our space junk [Infographic]. World Science Festival.

                  https://worldsciencefestival.com/2015/11/space-junk-infographic/

(APA manual, 2020, pp. 346-347).

Artwork in a museum or on a museum website

 

Use this format for all art works such as paintings, sculptures, photographs, prints, drawings, installations.

Include a description of the medium or format in square brackets after the title.

Include the name of the gallery after the title information.

Example:

(Hodgkins, 1869-1947).

Hodgkins, F. (1869-1947). The farmer's daughter: Portrait of Annie Coggan [Oil on canvas laid on board]. Dunedin

               Public Art Gallery. http://collection.dunedin.art.museum/search.do? 

               view=label&keyword=Frances%20Hodgkins%20Portrait%20of%20Annie%20coggan&db=object

(APA manual, 2020, p. 346).

Photograph and artworks not connected to museums

In the caption include the details you consider to be relevant about the art work e.g. Artist, title, year created.

After the title information, give the name of the site or book from which the photograph was retrieved.

Example:

(Melford, 2019).

Melford, M. (2019). Night lights [Photograph]. National Geographic.

                       https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/photo-of-the-day/2019/11/alaska-northern-lights-night/

(APA manual, 2020, p. 346).

Untitled photograph

Include a description in square brackets in place of the title.

Example:

(Goew, n.d.). 

Goew, T. (n.d.). [Girl watching behind boy holding smartphone]. Unsplash.

              https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/photo-of-the-day/2019/11/alaska-northern-lights-night/

(APA manual, 2020, p. 347)

Referencing photographs you have taken

If you are including in your assignment photographs that you have taken that have not been published or exhibited anywhere, there is no need to include either a citation or reference.

You can give the photograph a title if you wish.

(APA Manual, 2020, p. 230).

PowerPoint slides or lecture notes

Provide the name of the site and its URL (use the login page URL for Moodle).

Example:

(Cleland, 2019).

Cleland, S. (2019). I102 technical support fundamentals [PowerPoint slides]. Moodle.

                     https://moodle.ucol.ac.nz/mod/resource/view.php?id=379338

(APA manual, 2020, p. 347).